Understanding
A Credit Score Report
What are credit scores? Understanding your credit score
report is not always easy if you've never looked at your credit
score before. Based on numbers alone, credit scores range from
300, which is the lowest score, to 850, which is the highest
score. The national average is around 732. To qualify for the
best loan rates, lenders usually require that you have a 750
rating credit score. Once you have your scores in hand, you'll
also notice there is a wealth of other information regarding
your debts. No fax payday loans do not require credit
scoring.
To get your credit score report, you'll need to contact the
three major financial information collectors: Experian,
TransUnion and Equifax. Financial advisers recommend that you
apply for one of each, since the reporting procedures and
information sharing may be inconsistent. Lenders are only
responsible for reporting to one of the three, so it's possible
for there to be slight variations. Thanks to a new federal law,
you're entitled to one free credit report online each year
through www.Annual Credit Report.com. Once you have your report, you'll
find most information pretty standard, but there may be a few
confusing areas or report errors.
"People tend to pull one credit score report and think
everything is the same on all of them. That's not normally the
case," says Howard Dvorkin, president of Consolidated Credit
Counseling Services. He recommends reviewing credit reports
from TransUnion, Equifax and Experian for the most accurate
reading. It's important that you review these files to ensure
that all activity is correct. If you're looking at your credit
score and scratching your head, then read on for credit scores
explained.
A standard credit score report is divided into four
sections: identifying information, credit history, public
records and inquiries. Identifying information is just the
basics, such as name, address and social security number. Look
over this information to ensure it's accurate because it is not
unusual for there to be multiple spellings of your name or more
than one Social Security Number. Your report may also include
your date of birth, previous residences, driver's license
number, your employer and your spouse's name. Don't worry about
this information too much, as it's all confidential and
security-protected.
The main section to look at in your credit scores report is
your "Credit History" or "Trade Lines." Your
accounts will fall into 1 of 5 categories: Real Estate
(first and second mortgage), Installment (car loan, regular
payments), Revolving (credit cards), Collection (seriously
past due) and Other. Each account will list the
creditor/lender's name and the account number. Sometimes,
more than one account will be indicated on your report from
the same creditor, especially if it gets sold off into
collection, but only one account should be marked "open" at
a time. You should be able to see when you first started the
account, the type of account, the total amount owed, how
much you still owe, the status of the account (open,
inactive, closed, paid) and how well you've paid the
account. If it's noted "charged off," that means the credit
made efforts to collect but gave up. If you see a code like
"R1," then this generally indicates how well you've been at
paying on a scale of 1 to 9. If you have had any late
payments on your account, then you'll see a little square
with 30, 60, 90 or 120 in the box, indicating how late you
were. If you see a green OK and a 0, you're in good shape
with high scores. If you see "charged off," "bad debt" or
"placed in collections," then your account went 120 - 180
days past due and was sold off to debt collectors.
Charge-offs and Debt Collections are bad since these poor
credit scores remain on your report for seven years.
The next section is the real killer of the credit score
report and the part you hope will be blank. It is the public
records section. Here you may see a bankruptcy credit report,
court judgments, tax liens, divorces, wage garnishment, civil
actions, foreclosures and other legal matters that may affect
your good credit scores. This section will be on your record
for ten years and are the most serious offenses for your credit
score. In some cases, these infractions can hack off 300 points
from your healthy credit score! So, needless to say, you'll
want to make sure you don't get embroiled in legal trouble
involving your finances.
The final section of your credit score report lists
third-party inquiries made into your credit scores. "Hard
inquiries" are ones you initiate when you fill out a credit
application or apply for a loan, while "soft inquiries" are from
companies that want to market to you or collect a debt from
you. Having a large number of inquiries can start to hurt
your good credit scores if you're applying for new lines of
credit every few weeks or if there are two or more hard
inquiries in the same 14-week period. Of course, inquiries
only take away maybe 20 points here and there, so it's not
the biggest concern for you, unless you have otherwise
perfect credit.
If you find a mysterious account or an incorrect amount
owing on your credit score report, then you can fill out an
online form to dispute the claim. The most recent estimate
indicates that as many as 80% of all reports have some kind of
misinformation. Financial advisers recommend that you keep up
with your credit score and check up on it at least once a year
to ensure accuracy. Now that you understand some of the
sections and terms, you'll be better prepared.
Charge-offs on your credit score report will be the 1 reason
you are denied credit. Often, in order to qualify for new
loans, you'll be required to pay any unpaid charge-offs. Once
you pay the full or partial amount, it will be noted "paid
charge-off." This will remain on your credit for seven years
and 180 days from the date of your first nonpayment. You can
hire legal advisors who may be able to get charge-offs taken
off your accounts. A company like Lexington Law Firm
(www.LexingtonLaw.com) specializes in legally disputing and
removing paid charge-offs to help you improve credit scores,
which might be a good bet if you're planning to buy a house or
make a big financial investment.
To improve your credit score report, you should first pay
off all "Collection Accounts," asking for a letter of deletion
that will erase all negative information from your credit score
if you settle the debt in full. If you have a "Past Due
Amount," then be sure to pay that creditor right away, as this
is a damaging clause to have on your file. Next, get rid of
your "Charge-offs" and "Liens." Paying a charge-off that is
more than 24 months old will neither hurt nor help your credit
but should be done as a matter of principle. Lastly, negotiate
with your creditors to remove your "Late Payments" by asking
for a good faith adjustment. Persistence and politeness can
work wonders when it comes to improving credit scores.
Taking care of the negatives on your credit score report is
only one step of the credit repair process. You must also think
about improving credit scores through positive action that can
act as a counter-balance to all the bad news on your report.
Perhaps you can get a secured credit card, which functions like
a debit card, allowing you to borrow from yourself, while
reporting your repayment on your credit score. Once you pay
your monthly bills in a timely fashion, then your score will
gradually start to look better.
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